Risk assessment and management are integral to the NMPA registration process for medical devices in China. Manufacturers must carefully assess risks during the design, manufacturing, and post-market phases, ensuring that all potential hazards are identified, controlled, and monitored. With increasing emphasis on post-market surveillance, cybersecurity, and alignment with international standards, effective risk management is not only a regulatory requirement but also a key component in ensuring the safety and success of medical devices in China’s growing healthcare market.